Employees of a criminal syndicate:
You can’t actively do anything to help conceal a crime (that could make you an accessory), you can’t lie to investigators (which could be obstruction or a similar offence), and you can’t lie under oath if you’re compelled to testify (that would be perjury). A refusal to answer could be contempt of court.
Legal Crimes:
Are there crimes where a justification can effectively make it legal? To an extent, yes. Lawyers get paid big to parse the words of the law and judges exist to settle the arguments they create especially in a kangaroo court. They throw away evidences out of the case by arguing that information is not admissible in court. There aren't legal crimes per se, but certain justifications can effectively make it so.
Unenforceable Laws:
Are there crimes that are still on the books that are no longer enforced? Yes. Many states still have laws against certain crimes. Those laws were effectively declared unenforceable but not every state has removed those laws from their legal codes, but the police can't arrest anyone for them.
For general intent, the prosecution need only prove that the defendant intended to do the act in question, whereas proving specific intent would require the prosecution to prove that the defendant intended to bring about a specific consequence through his or her actions, or that he or she perform the action with a wrongful purpose.
Is a contract enforceable if only one party signs?
Potentially, yes. First of all, the vast majority of contracts made by people are oral or implied-in-fact, as opposed to in writing. Those contracts are every bit as valid as a written contract. Suppose, for example, that you sit down at a restaurant, order a $100 dinner, eat it, and then try to avoid paying for it; your argument that you never signed a document obligating you to pay is going to go nowhere.
If the parties operate as though the agreement exists, such as in this scenario when a party taking a rental car but failing to sign the contract, the lack of a signature is unlikely to be a game-changer.
Most contracts don’t need to be written so a contract signed by only one party but orally agreed by both parties would be valid if it is one of many that don’t need to be in writing.
Under English common law, and implemented separately by each state via a combination of statutory and common law — most types of contracts generally do not need a signature to be valid and enforceable. You just need a set of standard elements: offer and acceptance, a meeting of the minds, consideration on both sides in the form of a benefit or reliance, absence of fraud or duress, and so on.
While it’s definitely best practice to ensure that written contracts include signatures by both parties involved, many Court rulings have found that contracts can still be valid if only one party has signed it. Three of the most common reasons courts have ruled in favor of a contract being valid, even if it doesn’t include both signatures.
Parties Have Acted in a Way That’s Consistent with the Written Agreement
One way for both parties to be bound by all terms of the contract is by being consistent in their actions in regards to the contract. Payment agreements are a good example of this. If the contract stated that regular payments are to be made by the party, and the party acts accordingly and makes regular payments, it serves as strong evidence that both parties are bound to the terms of the agreement, verbal or written.
Failure to Object the Contract is Strong Evidence it was Accepted
If a party receives a contract and doesn’t sign nor object to the terms, and continues to go ahead with the business or working relationship with the other party, its silence serves as evidence that the contract was accepted.
An example of this could be someone who was contracted to build a house. He may receive an agreement that includes the length of time the project will take and he does not find this time reasonable and does not sign the agreement. However, if the builder fails to bring this up to the other party and object to the time frame and instead shows up and continues with the project, the builder is likely to be bound to the time frame in the agreement.
For this reason and if litigation seems inevitable, it’s important for parties to gather documents and email correspondence the reflect the other’s intention and communication regarding the unsigned contract.
An Accepted Contract Will be Treated as a WholeAll court cases dealing with unsigned contracts agree on a single point: the written agreement either stood or fell as a whole. Meaning, if the parties acted as if some terms of the agreement applied, then all terms of the agreement applied and the contract is valid. If disputes arise regarding one part of the contract, yet both parties acted in accordance with other parts of the agreement and failed to object to the one in dispute, the contract is viewed as valid even if it was not signed by both parties.
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